Damage Symptoms:

Leaf Damage: Caterpillars often create holes or damage leaves by eating them, sometimes leaving only the main veins (skeletonization). This can reduce photosynthesis and weaken the plant. 

Stunted Growth: Feeding on buds and stems can lead to stunted growth and a "bunchy top" appearance, where the plant develops numerous side shoots instead of a single main shoot. 

Plant Death: In severe infestations, caterpillars can kill plants outright, especially if they feed on vital parts like the growing shoot. 

Fruit Damage: Some caterpillars damage fruits directly, making them unsuitable for consumption or storage. 

Indirect Damage: Caterpillars can also cause indirect damage by transferring diseases or by secreting honeydew, which leads to the growth of sooty mould. 

Target Crops:

Lepidopteran pests can impact a variety of crops, including: 

• Vegetables: Bottle gourd, tomato.
• Field Crops: Rice, wheat, and various legumes.
• Ornamentals: Flowers and other ornamental plants.
• Other Crops: Cotton, sugarcane, and many other crops depending on the specific pest species.