Damage symptoms:

Improved Soil Fertility:

Dung beetles bury dung, which enriches the soil with nutrients and improves its structure. This can lead to healthier plants and increased yields. 

Seed Dispersal:

Some dung beetles carry seeds within the dung, which can help disperse them and contribute to plant diversity. 

Soil Aeration:

Their burrowing activity improves soil aeration, allowing for better root growth and water infiltration. 

Nutrient Cycling:

Dung beetles contribute to the cycling of nutrients in the soil, making them available for plant uptake. 

Target Crops:

Agricultural Crops:

Their activity can improve soil conditions, making them beneficial for various agricultural crops, including grains, vegetables, and fruits. 

Trees and Forest Plants:

Dung beetles can influence the growth and development of tree seedlings and other understory plants in forests